THE:美联储四年多来首次加息 点阵图显示后面连着还有9次

在结束两天的会议后，北京时间今天凌晨，美联储宣布加息25个基点。

这是2018年以来美国首次加息。

从新闻稿看，联储认为价格压力是普遍的，不只是能源价格，还有劳动力等，目前的失业率已明显下降（2月份美国CPI通胀率为7.9%，40年来最高；失业率为3.8%，已接近疫前水平）。

联储准备从下次会议开始，减少国债和机构债MBS的持有量。

投票委员中，圣路易斯联储主席James Bullard投票加息50个基点。

据FT报道，在会后的记者会上，联储主席鲍威尔谈到加息是为了应对高通胀和紧张的劳动力市场 extremely tight labor market in high inflation.

点阵图（dot plot，投票委员对利率区间的预测）显示，联储官员比三个月前调高了利率预测，预计2022年剩下的时间还将加息6次，2023年加息至少3次。联邦基金利率届时将达到2.8%，高于影响经济增长的“中性位置”（多数官员预测的中性利率为2.4%）。

美联储布拉德：美联储只有在达到终端利率时才应该放慢加息速度:金色财经报道，美联储布拉德表示，美联储只有在达到终端利率时才应该放慢（加息）速度，市场可能高估了2023年经济衰退的风险。美国经济比想象的更强劲。美联储将不得不将利率提高到5%以上才能抑制通胀，硅谷裁员对劳动力市场的整体力道没有影响，预计终端利率将达到5.375%。美国经济比金融市场预测的更有弹性。[2023/2/22 12:22:42]

美国CPI（1965-2022）

美国劳动参与率（1948-2022）

经济学家：如果美联储提高通胀目标，加密货币将上涨:4月18日消息，在今天的CNBC Squawk Box节目中，安联的经济学家、商人、经济顾问Mohamed A. El-Erian指出了加密货币价格可能上涨的原因。

这位经济学家认为，美联储可能会被迫将通胀目标从2%改为3%，因为他们可能会意识到，要实现最初宣布的2%的目标是不可能的，而达不到这一点将损害他们的信誉。El-Erian认为，在这种情况下，加密货币和黄金将会走高。（U.Today）[2022/4/18 14:31:56]

联储新闻稿如下：

March 16, 2022

For release at 2:00 p.m. EDT

Indicators of economic activity and employment have continued to strengthen. Job gains have been strong in recent months, and the unemployment rate has declined substantially. Inflation remains elevated, reflecting supply and demand imbalances related to the pandemic, higher energy prices, and broader price pressures.

美联储卡什卡利：我预计美联储将在3月份的会议上提高利率:1月28日消息，美联储卡什卡利：通胀比我预期的高，持续时间更长。我预计美联储将在3月份的会议上提高利率，甚至在美联储采取行动之前，其他因素或许就会导致通胀下降。美联储对长期国债收益率曲线的影响较小。美联储在春季进行加息后，停止加息是有可能的。（金十）[2022/1/29 9:20:30]

The invasion of Ukraine by Russia is causing tremendous human and economic hardship. The implications for the U.S. economy are highly uncertain, but in the near term the invasion and related events are likely to create additional upward pressure on inflation and weigh on economic activity.

华尔街日报：期权、利率、美联储政策是比特币近期暴跌三大诱因:金色财经报道，比特币在上周末的下挫和随后的反弹显示出加密货币市场的波动性，但也反映出比特币与传统资产类别的关联越来越深。据华尔街日报消息，投资者表示最近的这波下跌部分源于期权交易所内的平仓操作。但据他们称，跌势也受到围绕利率、市场风险和美联储政策的担忧推动，这些问题是近些天来导致股市和其他市场反复震荡的原因。上周五晚间到上周六凌晨期间，比特币价格下跌超过20%，一度触及42,000美元。不过，比特币已经挽回部分跌幅，本周二下午交投于50,528美元左右，但这个价位仍然低于上周五下午时的53,670美元，比11月创下的高点68,990美元低约27%。[2021/12/9 13:00:41]

The Committee seeks to achieve maximum employment and inflation at the rate of 2 percent over the longer run. With appropriate firming in the stance of monetary policy, the Committee expects inflation to return to its 2 percent objective and the labor market to remain strong. In support of these goals, the Committee decided to raise the target range for the federal funds rate to 1/4 to 1/2 percent and anticipates that ongoing increases in the target range will be appropriate. In addition, the Committee expects to begin reducing its holdings of Treasury securities and agency debt and agency mortgage-backed securities at a coming meeting.

美联储主席：数字货币有助于改善金融包容性:美联储主席鲍威尔称，数字货币有助于改善金融包容性，但也存在风险，例如可能会对银行体系造成损害。[2021/2/24 17:45:57]

In assessing the appropriate stance of monetary policy, the Committee will continue to monitor the implications of incoming information for the economic outlook. The Committee would be prepared to adjust the stance of monetary policy as appropriate if risks emerge that could impede the attainment of the Committee's goals. The Committee's assessments will take into account a wide range of information, including readings on public health, labor market conditions, inflation pressures and inflation expectations, and financial and international developments.

Voting for the monetary policy action were Jerome H. Powell, Chair; John C. Williams, Vice Chair; Michelle W. Bowman; Lael Brainard; Esther L. George; Patrick Harker; Loretta J. Mester; and Christopher J. Waller. Voting against this action was James Bullard, who preferred at this meeting to raise the target range for the federal funds rate by 0.5 percentage point to 1/2 to 3/4 percent. Patrick Harker voted as an alternate member at this meeting.

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